Urinary incontinence is the inability
to control the release of urine from your bladder. It is a common and often
embarrassing problem. The severity of urinary incontinence ranges from occasionally
leaking urine when coughing or sneezing and to urge to urinate sudden and
strong before getting in to a toilet in time.
Key words: Urinary
incontinence, stress incontinence, Staphysagria
INTRODUCTION:
The disorder is
greatly under recognized and underreported. , affecting about 30% of elderly
women and 15% of elderly men.
Untreated,
incontinence can cause physical and emotional disturbance. Incontinence can
also affect patient’s self-esteem and cause depression and social withdrawal.
Individuals with long-term incontinence suffer from Urinary tract infections
and dermatitis. There are numerous invasive and noninvasive treatment options
for Urinary incontinence. Drugs
include anticholinergics and antimuscarinics, Surgery is a last resort, usually
used only for younger patients with severe urge incontinence refractory to
other treatments.(m).Homoeopathy has good say in urinary incontinence As
treatment is based on individualisation.
Causticum, Apis Mellifica , Nat-Mur, Nux-Vom,
Phosphorus, Pulsatilla , Sepia ,Squila etc are few important remedies in
urinary incontinence. In one case of urge incontinence causation was taken as
basis in selection of a remedy (post surgical urinary incontinence), case was cured with Staphysagria. Prescription on bases of
causation gave breakthrough in the case. Knowingly or un knowingly we commit
mistakes in selecting a remedy. But timely reviewing the case helped me in successfully treating the case.
During urination, muscles in the wall
of the bladder contract, forcing urine out of the bladder and into the urethra.
At the same time, sphincter muscles surrounding the urethra relax, letting
urine pass out of the body. Incontinence will occur if bladder muscles suddenly
contract or the sphincter muscles are not strong enough to hold back urine.
Urine may escape with less pressure than usual if the muscles are damaged,
causing a change in the position of the bladder (Fig). The urethra is supported
by fascia
of the pelvic floor. If this support is insufficient, the urethra can move
downward at times of increased abdominal pressure, allowing urine to pass.
Types of
urinary incontinence (1,2,):
Stress
incontinence: This is due the increase in intra
abdominal pressure is exerted on bladder by coughing, sneezing, laughing,
exercising or lifting something heavy. It occurs when the sphincter muscle of
the bladder is weakened in women due physical changes resulting from pregnancy,
childbirth and menopause due to development of atrophic urethritis.It is also
seen in obese people because of pressure from abdominal contents on the top of
the bladder. It is the second largest cause for urinary incontinence in women.
. Urge incontinence: This
is a sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of urine, bladder muscle contracts and
gives a warning of only a few seconds to a minute to reach a toilet. Urge
incontinence may be caused by urinary tract infections, bladder irritants,
bowel problems, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, injury or
nervous system damage associated with multiple sclerosis. If there's no known
cause, urge incontinence is also called overactive bladder.
According
to G Chiara, Patients suffering
from urge incontinence showed higher degrees of inner anger and anger trait
than those suffering from stress or mixed incontinence. Whereas irritability
and general hypochondria prevailed in patients suffering from urge
incontinence. Such patients tend to develop psychosomatic reactions that may
contribute to the severity of their symptoms.(3)
Overflow
incontinence: is the 2nd most common type of
incontinence in men. In this
condition dribbling of urine
occurs from an overly full bladder. Quantity of urine is small, but leaks may
be constant, resulting in large total losses. It is due damaged bladder,
blocked urethra or nerve damage from diabetes and in men with prostate gland
problems.
Functional
incontinence: Commonly
seen in older adults, incontinence
before patients who unbutton his or her pants quickly enough. This is called
functional incontinence. It is due dementia or stroke. Due to cognitive or
physical impairments the patient may not recognize the need to void, may not
know where the toilet is, or may not be able to walk.
Mixed
incontinence: If you experience symptoms of more
than one type of urinary incontinence, such as stress incontinence and urge
incontinence, you have mixed incontinence.
Transient
incontinence :Severe constipation with impacted
stool, urinary tract infections, Medications etc can trigger Transient
incontinence.
Women suffer more
than men with stress incontinence. In menopausal period estrogen levels are
decreased which leads to atrophic urethritis and atrophic vaginitis which leads
to decreasing urethral resistance. Childbirth can weaken the pelvic muscles and
cause the bladder to lose some support from surrounding muscles, resulting in
stress incontinence. Any surgery involving the urogenital tract runs the risk
of damaging or weakening the pelvic muscles and causing incontinence like
Hysterectomy. Due to prostate gland problems male are prone for urge and
overflow incontinence. With aging, bladder capacity decreases, ability to
inhibit urination declines. Involuntary bladder contractions. Incontinence
isn't normal at any age. Obesity increases
the pressure on your bladder and surrounding muscles, which weakens them and
allows urine to leak out when coughing or sneezing. Smoking can cause episodes of incontinence, which aggravates cough
and puts stress on your urinary sphincter, leading to stress incontinence. Even
certain Kidney disorders and Diabetes are part of risk factors. Interstitial cystitis, multiple
sclerosis, stroke,
spinal cord injuries, or a brain
tumor can cause the bladder to contract involuntarily.
Carbonated drinks, tea and coffee with or without caffeine, artificial
sweeteners, corn syrup, and foods and beverages that are high in spice, sugar
and acid, such as citrus and tomatoes, can aggravate bladder. Anti hypertensive drugs, Diuretics, Ca channel blockers, antihistamines,
antipsychotics blockers,
And other medications may contribute
to bladder control problems.
Symptoms: Urinary
incontinence is the inability to control the release of urine from your
bladder. Some people experience occasional, minor leaks or dribbles of urine.
Others wet their clothes frequently
Lab
investigations:
Urine
analysis, cystometry
and post void residual volume, measurement of bladder capacity Testing: Cystometry may help diagnose urge
incontinence
Complications:
Skin problems. Repeated Urinary tract infections.
Psychological problems like anxiety and
depression
The following are few rubrics taken from Synthesis
8.1 V, Repertory ,and Radar 10 software.
BLADDER
- URINATION - dribbling - enlarged prostate, with
Aloe. Dig. Nux-v. Puls. Staph.
BLADDER
- URINATION - dribbling - involuntary
Agar. All-c. Arg-n. ARN. Ars. Bar-c. Bell. Camph. CANTH. CAUST. CLEM. Dig. Dulc. Gels. Hyos. Mag-m. Mur-ac. Nux-v. Op. Petr. Puls. Rhus-t. Sel. Spig. Staph. Stram. Sulph. Tab. Uran-n. Verb.
BLADDER
- URINATION - dribbling - urination – after
CANN-I. . Caust. Chinin-s. CLEM. Con. Graph. Helon. HEP. Kali-c. La Nat-m. Petr. Petros. Sel. Sep. Staph. Thuj.
BLADDER
- URINATION - flatus, with
puls. sars. sulph.
BLADDER
- URINATION - frequent - coffee, after
cain. cob. ign. olnd.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary
AIL. APIS ARG-N. ARS. ARS-I. BELL. CAUST. DULC.LYC. NAT-M. NUX-M. PHOS.. PSOR. PULS. RHUS-T. SEP. . STAPH.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - accompanied by - Prostate gland; swelling of
pareir.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - cough, during
APIS CAUST. NAT-M. . NUX-V. PHOS. PULS. SEP.SQUIL. .
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - exertion, during
Bry. Nux-v.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - old people, in - men with enlarged prostate
All-s. Aloe Cic Iod. . Pareir. Sec. Thuj.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - pregnancy, during
ARS. PULS.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - sneezing, when
Calc. CAUST.. Ferr. Kali-c. Kreos. Lac-c. Nat-m. Nux-v. Ph-ac. Psor. Puls. Ruta Squil. Staph. Verat.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - surgical operation; after a
staph.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - stool - straining – while Alum. Lil-t.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - labor, after
Arn. ARS.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - catheterization, after
arn. mag-p. staph.
BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - delivery; after
bry. equis-h. mag-m. staph.
Case :
Ms LBV,Patient aged 49,femal sex, cook by occupation, moderate built
with 62.5 Kgs weight, who was diagnosed as urge incontinence came to my clinic Sept 2008, with following
symptoms, on interrogation she said as she is cook in a orthodox family.
Presenting
complaints: depressed
look, pain in lower back, < sitting prolong time, > walking, suddenly
dribbling of urine < night mostly occasionally day also, cold perspiration
on either physical or mental exertion,
Past
history: Menorrhagia, late menopause.
Family
history: mother OA patient,
Past
treatment history: Hysterectomy
in 2007 underwent various treatments for urinary incontinence without any
benefit for one year.
Personal
history
Appetite: good, Thirst: thirst less, desires and
Aversions: NP, bowel
movement: regular /satisfactory, urination: normal flow, occasional urge
incontinence, perspiration: cold perspiration on either physical or mental
exertion, habits: nil, Sleep: refreshing, Dreams: occasional, thermal state: not able to express
and menstrual history: Status Hysterectomy
life
space investigation: parents belongs to lower middle class
family, 3 brothers and three sisters, she is second, educated up to middle
school level, , discontinued studies, started working as helper in houses,
married at 18 the year blessed with 3 children, husband is a heart patient, for his health she has incurred heavy
expenditure. Family in financial crisis.
Physical
examination: Not Anemic, no Jaundice, no Clubbing,
no edema
With pulse rate of 70 PM, regular, Blood
pressure: 126/80 mm Hg
Provisional
diagnosis: Urge Incontinence
Results
of repertorisation:
Choice
of remedy: Sepia Sepia covered first four symptoms(10),
including mind symptom(2)
Sepia 200c, 3doses were
given, Rubrum for 15 days were given, case was followed every 15 days, there
was no improvement, and Sepia 200C to 10M was given up to without any relief.
case was reviewed, causation was taken as important factor in selection of
remedy (urinary incontinence was after Hysterectomy). BLADDER
- URINATION - involuntary - surgical operation; after a staph. was only single remedy 3rd
grade. Staphysagria suits all three of
the miasms, Staphysagria 200c was given on above reason, followed by rubrum for 30 days. The number
of involuntary urination has came down; she stopped treatment on 20th july 2009,
reported back after three months with out any incontinence (4)
In above case causation was considered which gave
breakthrough in the case. Knowingly or un knowingly we commit mistakes in
selecting a remedy.
Etiology has been defined as a study or theory of the causation of any
disease: the sum total of the knowledge regarding causes. Etiology does not
concern itself with synthesis of causative factors in the pathogenesis of a
disease to enable an observer to form a comprehensive picture of the
development of the disease in all its stages.
Dr. P. Sankaran tried to select a remedy which fitted in with and covers
the symptom totality of the patient as well as the cause, but he took the cause
as the starting point as well as the most important symptom of the case. He
tried to find out from a patient the cause, source or origin of the illness or
the circumstances in which it started. And he gave very great importance to
this etiology. Sometimes he based his prescription mainly or solely on this
etiology and he cured many cases this way. For example if after an operation or
mortification, Staphysagria(7)
According to George Vithoulkas These causation
symptoms can be considered very strongly. They are the starting points to
finding the remedy and a remedy must often be given that fits that causation
even if it means ignoring other symptoms(8)
The following are the
views of our stalwarts on urinary symptoms of Staphysagria According to Lippe, during and after
micturition burning in the urethra, after micturition urging, as if the bladder
were not emptied. , According to Phatak materia medica frequently urging to
urinate; with scanty or profuse discharge of watery urine; urinates in thin
stream of drop by drop. According to
Synoptic key, Cystitis after catheterization. Pain bladder [or abdominal
colics] after surgical operation . Boericke says Cystitis in Lying-in patients.
Ineffectual urging to urinate in newly married women. Pressure upon bladder;
feels as if it did not empty. Sensation as if a drop of urine was rolling
continuously along the channel. Burning in urethra during micturition.
Prostatic troubles; frequent urination, burning in urethra when not urinating.
According to Louise Mclean This remedy highlights ferocity in human emotion
which society has tried to groom out of us (9) Staphysagria is one of our most commonly used
polycrests, in this remedy the
prescription is often based entirely on the basis of the "essence" or
Causation underlying cause of illness in
the Staphysagria patient is
suppression. Is most noted in our literature for suppression of anger. It is an
important remedy in patients whose complaints originated from anger or insults
which have been swallowed. (4,910)
****Detailed article published in Homeopathic Journal: Volume: 3, Issue: 4, Feb,
2010,Homeorizone.com